Borland researched the effects of concussions and came to his decision, citing the risk of brain disease. "To me just the chance of that happening was more of a negative than the positive that my potential career could be," Borland told ESPN.
According to a Bioscience Technology article, recent studies identified brain damage in some NFL players, and revealed it could be more severe in those who started playing before age 12.
Matt Lombardo for NJ Advance Media reported on ESPN NFL analyst and former Vice Chairman of the Indianapolis Colts Bill Polian's view. Polian said there is danger in football, just like there is in the military.
Indeed, a residential neuro-rehabilitation facility based in Ann Arbor, Michigan opened up its brain-injury treatment program, which was originally designed for military veterans injured in battle, to welcome professional athletes.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that can only be diagnosed after death, and has been found in a number of NFL players. According to Boston University's CTE Center, the disease is often found in athletes, with "repetitive brain trauma, including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic subconcussive hits to the head." The disease is linked to memory loss, aggression, depression, and eventually progressive dementia.
Seventy-six of 79 deceased NFL players, whose brain tissue was studied by researchers at the Department of Veterans Affairs' brain repository in Bedford, Mass., tested positive for CTE.
Brains of non-professional athletes, including high-school players, also tested positive for the disease.
"Who knows how many hits is too many," Borland told ESPN.
Researchers have come up with a two-minute flashcard test that requires no medical training to administer and can reliably determine whether an athlete suffered a concussion, the New York Times reported.
Borland said he does not think people should stop playing football completely, but urged parents to do two things: make an informed decision and not let kids play through concussions.