In Vitro: refers to a medical test or experiment/procedure that is conducted in a laboratory within the confines of a test tube or laboratory dish. This is not to be confused with the term in vivo, which is a medical test or procedure that is performed on or in a living organism. 
            
            
            
         
     
    
        
                    
                                    
                
         
                
                    
                                        
                        
                    
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        Concerns about the quality of published animal research include inefficient or flawed study design, inappropriate statistical analysis and incomplete reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines were de...
    
    
            
     
                                     
 
                                    
                                                                    
                                    
                                        
    
    
    
        The justification of sample size is one of the hardest sections of a proposal an IACUC (ethical review board) has to assess, yet is arguably one of the most important (1). This is a key oppo...
    
    
            
     
                                     
                                    
                                                                    
                                    
                                        
    
    
    
        Inherent in research, is the simplification of a complex world into a testing space to explore cause and effect. Across preclinical research, questions are being raised on the testing space...
    
    
            
     
                                     
                                    
                                                                    
                                    
                                        
    
    
    
        In the course of the so-called reproducibility crisis, various sources of poor reproducibility of animal research have been identified, including a lack of scientific rigor, low statistical...
    
    
            
     
                                     
                                    
                                                                    
                                    
                                        
    
    
    
        Experimental models that promise to replace animal tests that are currently required for drugs and chemicals are rapidly proliferating. This includes a number of novel solutions offered by b...