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Protein Binding
Protein Binding: Protein binding can enhance or detract from a drug's performance. As a general rule, agents that are minimally protein bound penetrate tissue better than those that are highly bound, but they are excreted much faster. Among drugs that are less than 80-85 percent protein bound, differences appear to be of slight clinical importance. Agents that are highly protein bound may, however, differ markedly from those that are minimally bound in terms of tissue penetration and half-life. Drugs may bind to a wide variety of plasma proteins, including albumin. If the percentage of protein-bound drug is greater when measured in human blood than in a simple albumin solution, the clinician should suspect that the agent may be bound in vivo to one of these "minority" plasma proteins. The concentration of several plasma proteins can be altered by many factors, including stress, surgery, liver or kidney dysfunction, and pregnancy. In such circumstances, free drug concentrations are a more accurate index of clinical effect than are total concentrations. Formulary committees must grasp the clinical significance of qualitative and quantitative differences in protein binding when evaluating competing agents.
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Though it may happen at different rates for different microbes, mutations happen, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes ...Written By: Carmen LeitchMAR 14, 2022Cancer
Over the past decade, immunotherapy drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a promising an ...Written By: Katie KokolusMAR 11, 2022Immunology
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Despite initial fears last November that genetic changes to the Omicron variant might spell disaster for humans, rodent ...Written By: Alexandria BassJAN 05, 2022Clinical & Molecular DX
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in December 2019 causes the disease COVID-19, a pandemic that has killed over 5 millio ...Written By: Carmen LeitchJAN 03, 2022Cancer
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Our body is made up of trillions of cells, most of which contain a genome that suffers a lot of damage. That damage may ...Written By: Carmen LeitchDEC 29, 2021Plants & Animals
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Genomic DNA is a huge molecule that is compacted to fit into the nucleus of cells, but there's more to DNA than genomes.Written By: Carmen LeitchDEC 23, 2021Immunology
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CRISPR gene editing tools have become common in biomedical research, and scientists have been able to apply this technol ...Written By: Carmen Leitch
MAR 14, 2022
Immunology
Though it may happen at different rates for different microbes, mutations happen, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
MAR 14, 2022
Cancer
Over the past decade, immunotherapy drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a promising an
...
Written By:
Katie Kokolus
MAR 11, 2022
Immunology
T cells are on the front lines of the immune system, and many reside in the blood and lymph nodes, surveying for and res
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
FEB 16, 2022
Genetics & Genomics
The human genome contains mostly the same genes from one person to another, but there are tiny sequence differences in t
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
FEB 13, 2022
Microbiology
Recent studies have shown that an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be a precursor to multiple sclerosis; large, po
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
FEB 11, 2022
Neuroscience
Research has indicated that when a protein called FMRP is disrupted, it can lead to intellectual disability, some types
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
FEB 11, 2022
Cannabis Sciences
Cannabis-Derived Lignanamides: Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Cancers
A key mechanism weaponized by cancer cells to evade chemotherapeutic treatments in patients with multidrug-resistant can
...
Written By:
Nadine Husami
FEB 11, 2022
Cancer
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women in the United States, and experts estimate that close to 3
...
Written By:
Katie Kokolus
FEB 05, 2022
Health & Medicine
Stealth Omicron, also known as the BA.2 subvariant, is considered sibling to Omicron's BA.1 variant that swept
...
Written By:
Alexandria Bass
FEB 03, 2022
Neuroscience
As we age, regulatory mechanics responsible for iron homeostasis in the brain break down, which leads to an iron-build u
...
Written By:
Annie Lennon
JAN 20, 2022
Cannabis Sciences
As the pandemic has progressed, multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have e
...
Written By:
Nadine Husami
JAN 19, 2022
Cell & Molecular Biology
Immune cells called macrophages are on the front lines of our body's defense system; macrophages can detect pathogens an
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
JAN 13, 2022
Cell & Molecular Biology
As organisms develop, they have to shed certain cells. Throughout life, damaged cells have to be eliminated. So nature u
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
JAN 13, 2022
Health & Medicine
Despite initial fears last November that genetic changes to the Omicron variant might spell disaster for humans, rodent
...
Written By:
Alexandria Bass
JAN 05, 2022
Clinical & Molecular DX
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in December 2019 causes the disease COVID-19, a pandemic that has killed over 5 millio
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
JAN 03, 2022
Cancer
Immune checkpoints are present on the surface of immune cells throughout the body. Under normal conditions, they r
...
Written By:
Katie Kokolus
DEC 29, 2021
Genetics & Genomics
Our body is made up of trillions of cells, most of which contain a genome that suffers a lot of damage. That damage may
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
DEC 29, 2021
Plants & Animals
Dog allergies are becoming increasingly common; some estimates suggest that 10-20% of the world’s population has s
...
Written By:
Ryan Vingum
DEC 27, 2021
Microbiology
Anthrax conjures thoughts of bioterrorism, though it's a disease caused by a rare but naturally-occurring bacterium, Bac
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
DEC 24, 2021
Genetics & Genomics
Genomic DNA is a huge molecule that is compacted to fit into the nucleus of cells, but there's more to DNA than genomes.
Written By:
Carmen Leitch
DEC 23, 2021
Immunology
Fifty percent—that’s the percentage of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who experience long-te
...
Written By:
Tara Fernandes
DEC 21, 2021
Immunology
Sharks are incredibly hardy creatures—they've survived in marine ecosystems, often unchallenged predators, for
...
Written By:
Tara Fernandes
DEC 17, 2021
Health & Medicine
Long-term cannabis smoking can increase the risk of altering oral health and consequently brain heath. A recent study of
...
Written By:
Kerry Charron
DEC 15, 2021
Genetics & Genomics
CRISPR gene editing tools have become common in biomedical research, and scientists have been able to apply this technol
...
Written By:
Carmen Leitch