Protein Binding: Protein binding can enhance or detract from a drug's performance. As a general rule, agents that are minimally protein bound penetrate tissue better than those that are highly bound, but they are excreted much faster. Among drugs that are less than 80-85 percent protein bound, differences appear to be of slight clinical importance. Agents that are highly protein bound may, however, differ markedly from those that are minimally bound in terms of tissue penetration and half-life. Drugs may bind to a wide variety of plasma proteins, including albumin. If the percentage of protein-bound drug is greater when measured in human blood than in a simple albumin solution, the clinician should suspect that the agent may be bound in vivo to one of these "minority" plasma proteins. The concentration of several plasma proteins can be altered by many factors, including stress, surgery, liver or kidney dysfunction, and pregnancy. In such circumstances, free drug concentrations are a more accurate index of clinical effect than are total concentrations. Formulary committees must grasp the clinical significance of qualitative and quantitative differences in protein binding when evaluating competing agents.
The manipulation of the genome to study disease, evaluate drug targets and to stratify patient populations is now a widely accepted concept in the field. At Horizon Discovery, genome engineer...
Actin cytoskeleton drives cell migration in muscle and non-muscle cells and plays a major role in such diverse processes as tissue morphogenesis, muscle contraction, and cancer metastases. In...
Einstein researcher Robert Singer, Ph.D., discusses a breakthrough in microscopy that is allowing scientists to track messenger RNA in living cells in real time. The study, published in the S...
A fundamental question in neuronal development is how growth cone cytoskeletal dynamics are coordinated to promote accurate axonal navigation. To address this question, we focus on microtubul...
Plant viruses cause significant damage in terms of reduction in quality and quantity of yield in a wide range of crop plants worldwide. The majority of plant viruses are transmitted from one...
Clinical microbiology has experienced an unprecedented wave of innovation due to the introduction of advanced testing such as PCR, MALDI-TOF, and PNA-FISH. The wave of new technologies...
Genome sequencing can be used to discover new pathogens but it can also be used to monitor known ones. This is known as genomic surveillance and it becoming an increasingly important tool in...
Males and females differ in their immunological responses to viral and vaccine antigens, with females typically mounting higher immune responses than males. These sex-based immunological diff...
An unbiased metagenomic next-generation approach (mNGS) been shown to be useful in the broad identification of pathogens in clinical samples for infectious disease diagnosis, including viruse...
The human large intestine houses trillions of microorganisms which collectively form the highly diverse microbial community known as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota performs many funct...
Quinolones are one the most commonly prescribed classes of antibacterials in the world and are used to treat a broad variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections in humans....
A rapidly growing number of viruses of lower eukaryotes have been reported in the past few decades. These have enhanced our understanding of virus evolution and diversity. Simultaneously, som...
INTRODUCTION: The recent coincidental emergence of the human microbiota and the Hologneomic Theory of Co-evolution unmasked the “Dual Citizenship” of symbiotic microbes and...
The global threat of antimicrobial resistance has been recognized by the World Health Organization, the United Nations and many other expert bodies. The burden of resistant pathogens is immen...
Clostridium difficile is a major pathogen responsible for infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings. This presentation will review the data from a study comparing the new Simplexa® C. di...
Background: In March 2014, a molecular cluster of five multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by the Austrian National Reference Laboratory. An investigation was initiate...
Rob Dunn has recently published Never Out of Season, the story of the homogenization of our global food supply and the risks that homogenization poses. He will build on the stories from this...
The immune system is complex and dynamic, focused on defending the body from a host of pathogens ranging from viruses to cancer. A number of different mechanisms have evolved that help the bo...
Virus – host interactions are currently among the most intensively studied research areas due to the promising new antiviral approaches emerging from these studies. Indeed, RNA viruses,...
Increasing prevalence and severity of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has necessitated novel antibacterial strategies. Ideally, new approaches would target bacterial pat...
Adjunct probiotic therapy has the potential to decrease Clostridium difficile disease incidence and severity. After screening several potential probiotic bacteria for intrinsic resistance to...
Prokaryotes have long been at war with bacteriophage. The evolutionary pressure of this struggle has led both sides to develop sophisticated defenses. Notably, CRISPR-Cas systems evolved to l...
DATE: September 12, 2017TIME: 8:00am PT, 11:00am ETEvery year, millions of dollars are wasted on poorly characterized and performing antibodies. Key researchers in the antibody co...
DATE: September 7, 2017TIME: 9:00AM PT, 12:00PM ETThe success of immune checkpoint blockade adds a new therapeutic category to the cancer therapy repertoire. Despite efforts made on can...
The manipulation of the genome to study disease, evaluate drug targets and to stratify patient populations is now a widely accepted concept in the field. At Horizon Discovery, genome engineer...
Actin cytoskeleton drives cell migration in muscle and non-muscle cells and plays a major role in such diverse processes as tissue morphogenesis, muscle contraction, and cancer metastases. In...
Einstein researcher Robert Singer, Ph.D., discusses a breakthrough in microscopy that is allowing scientists to track messenger RNA in living cells in real time. The study, published in the S...
A fundamental question in neuronal development is how growth cone cytoskeletal dynamics are coordinated to promote accurate axonal navigation. To address this question, we focus on microtubul...
Plant viruses cause significant damage in terms of reduction in quality and quantity of yield in a wide range of crop plants worldwide. The majority of plant viruses are transmitted from one...
Clinical microbiology has experienced an unprecedented wave of innovation due to the introduction of advanced testing such as PCR, MALDI-TOF, and PNA-FISH. The wave of new technologies...
Genome sequencing can be used to discover new pathogens but it can also be used to monitor known ones. This is known as genomic surveillance and it becoming an increasingly important tool in...
Males and females differ in their immunological responses to viral and vaccine antigens, with females typically mounting higher immune responses than males. These sex-based immunological diff...
An unbiased metagenomic next-generation approach (mNGS) been shown to be useful in the broad identification of pathogens in clinical samples for infectious disease diagnosis, including viruse...
The human large intestine houses trillions of microorganisms which collectively form the highly diverse microbial community known as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota performs many funct...
Quinolones are one the most commonly prescribed classes of antibacterials in the world and are used to treat a broad variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections in humans....
A rapidly growing number of viruses of lower eukaryotes have been reported in the past few decades. These have enhanced our understanding of virus evolution and diversity. Simultaneously, som...
INTRODUCTION: The recent coincidental emergence of the human microbiota and the Hologneomic Theory of Co-evolution unmasked the “Dual Citizenship” of symbiotic microbes and...
The global threat of antimicrobial resistance has been recognized by the World Health Organization, the United Nations and many other expert bodies. The burden of resistant pathogens is immen...
Clostridium difficile is a major pathogen responsible for infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings. This presentation will review the data from a study comparing the new Simplexa® C. di...
Background: In March 2014, a molecular cluster of five multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by the Austrian National Reference Laboratory. An investigation was initiate...
Rob Dunn has recently published Never Out of Season, the story of the homogenization of our global food supply and the risks that homogenization poses. He will build on the stories from this...
The immune system is complex and dynamic, focused on defending the body from a host of pathogens ranging from viruses to cancer. A number of different mechanisms have evolved that help the bo...
Virus – host interactions are currently among the most intensively studied research areas due to the promising new antiviral approaches emerging from these studies. Indeed, RNA viruses,...
Increasing prevalence and severity of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has necessitated novel antibacterial strategies. Ideally, new approaches would target bacterial pat...
Adjunct probiotic therapy has the potential to decrease Clostridium difficile disease incidence and severity. After screening several potential probiotic bacteria for intrinsic resistance to...
Prokaryotes have long been at war with bacteriophage. The evolutionary pressure of this struggle has led both sides to develop sophisticated defenses. Notably, CRISPR-Cas systems evolved to l...
DATE: September 12, 2017TIME: 8:00am PT, 11:00am ETEvery year, millions of dollars are wasted on poorly characterized and performing antibodies. Key researchers in the antibody co...
DATE: September 7, 2017TIME: 9:00AM PT, 12:00PM ETThe success of immune checkpoint blockade adds a new therapeutic category to the cancer therapy repertoire. Despite efforts made on can...
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